Biography of Fredrick Douglass - 1294 Words

When you think of great Americans in our history there are countless that come to mind. Some immediately think of the many presidents we have had, others think of inventors, but what about the people that are in between – the people that fought for equality. Fredrick Douglass arguably had the greatest impact on American society, especially African American society, in the nineteenth century. Douglass is credited as being an abolitionist, author, editor, and diplomat. He used literature, books, newspapers, and even speeches, to leave a long lasting mark on our society. Douglass advised presidents and lectured to thousands about different causes, including women’s rights. A cause he felt a strong connection with was the abolishing of slavery, being that he was once a slave. Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey born into slavery in February 1818 in Talbot County, Maryland. The exact date of his birthday is unknown, although according to his book Narrative of the Life of an American Slave he chose to take February 14th being his birthday because his mother, whom died when he was about 10, referred to him as her â€Å"little valentine†. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. (Douglass) Douglass was the son of a slave mother and possibly his owner. (Foner pg 390) â€Å"The opinion was ... whispered that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion I know nothing.† (Douglass) At a young age he was selected to liveShow MoreRelatedSlave And Citizen : The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesCarter Britton December 5, 2016 HIUS 221 – 005 Dr. Jones ‘Slave and Citizen: The Life of Frederick Douglass’ In this book Fredrick Douglass finds shows himself growing up as a slave in Baltimore, Maryland. He eventually escapes from his master and becomes a run away slave as he flees to the north. Douglass however is most popularly known for his pressure on the supreme court to obtain equal rights for African American citizens. He made huge advances in civil rights for his fellowRead MoreAnalysis Of Fredrick Douglass s If There Is No Struggle 1395 Words   |  6 PagesGrant Todd Mr. Sotak English 9 23 May, 2016 Activism within Fredrick Douglass â€Å"If there is no struggle, there is no progression,† is what Fredrick Douglass said during his speech at Canandaigua, New York During an event celebrating West Indian Emancipation Day (blackpast.org). This is saying that struggles and hardships need to happen to get anything accomplished. A lot of people today view Fredrick Douglass as a civil rights activist because the things he has achieved and the way he has positivelyRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave916 Words   |  4 Pages Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave In Fredrick Douglass’s a narrative, Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave, he narrates an account of his experiences in the dehumanizing institution of slavery. This American institution was strategically formatted to quench any resemblance of human dignity. Throughout, the narration of his life Fredrick Douglas, meticulously illustrates the methodical process that contributed to the perpetual state of slaveryRead MoreThe Fredrick Douglass Journey. Fredrick Douglass Was Well1355 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fredrick Douglass journey Fredrick Douglass was well known abolitionist know for influence on the black community through his stories from moving around during the slave journey, his escape, and his rise to being an abolitionist. Not many people believed that Douglass was a slave, many people just believed for him to be another abolitionist that preached about slavery but never been through it. So, he decided it was his job to make his story known. Using his biographies we see that Fredrick DouglassRead MoreMightier Than The Sword By Harriet Beecher Stowe1353 Words   |  6 Pagesand nineteenth centuries, it was so much of a sensitive issue that it was one of the primary causes that split up the United States in half and divided the nation causing a civil war. During the time, both the stories of Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the biography of Harriet Beecher Stowe refuted the pro-slavery argument by somewhat igniting a flame in Americans minds and causing them to realize that the economic and political effect s of slavery weren’t enough to justify it. In addition, the story within theRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Revolutionary Leader And Pioneer1617 Words   |  7 PagesLife histoory of Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass, social reformer of an African American descent, was an orator, writer, statesman, abolitionist movement leader. He was born in 1818 in Talbot County in the United States in the area of Maryland. He gained prominence because of his extraordinary oratory skills. His antislavery writings were appreciated across America, particularly when he pointed out that the slaves lacked the basic intellectual rights to perform as the independent AmericanRead MoreEssay on Did Gender Make a Difference within Slavery?803 Words   |  4 PagesWithin slavery there were harsh conditions which Frederick Douglass tries to convey in his biography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Within this narrative he dezribes how men and women slaves were treated differently by their masters. Women were abused by their master, physically, sexually, and mentally, while men were mostly abused physically and mentally. Many slave women suffered regular beatings. Frederick Douglass mentions several different instances where female slavesRead More America Should Pay Reparations to African Americans Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pages it has suffered and continues to endure. Paying reparations to the descendants of African American slaves would bring about a tremendous improvement for the advancement of Black America. (Douglass, Fredrick, 1845, Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass). White Americans have profited from education, life experiences, riches that were handed down by their ancestors. As well, African Americans have been handed down the hardship of race-related issues, poverty, and theRead MoreReparations: African Americans Justice1190 Words   |  5 Pages Pongee Bryant it has suffered and continues to endure. Paying reparations to the descendants of African American slaves would bring about a tremendous improvement for the advancement of Black America. (Douglass, Fredrick, 1845, Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass). White Americans have profited from education, life experiences, riches that were handed down by their ancestors. As well, African Americans have been handed down the hardship of race-related issues, poverty, andRead MoreEssay about The Legacy of Harriet Tubman1746 Words   |  7 Pagesjobs such as working as a house servant and later on she worked in the cotton fields. â€Å"Physical violence was a part of daily life for Tubman and her family. The violence she suffered early in life caused permanent physical injuries† (Harriet Tubman Biography). At the age of twelve, Tubman has an incident that effected her severely. She had narcolepsy, also known as sleeping spells, which would make her be able to fall asleep at any time or place, that was caused by a severe hit to the head by a two pound

The Nominative Case in Russian Usage and Examples

The nominative case in Russian—Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶ (imeNEEtelny paDYEZH)—is the basic case and serves to identify the subject of a verb. All nouns and pronouns in Russian dictionaries are given in the nominative case. This case answers the questions Ð ºÃ'‚Ð ¾/Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ (ktoh/chtoh), which translate as who/what. Quick Tip The nominative case in Russian identifies the subject of a sentence and answers the questions Ð ºÃ'‚Ð ¾/Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ (ktoh/chtoh), meaning who/what. Its equivalent in English is any noun or pronoun that is the subject of a verb. When to Use the Nominative Case The nominative case can be dependent or independent. Independent Nominative Case The independent nominative case can be used as: The subject of a sentence (fulfills the nominative function) Examples: - Ð Ã ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'Æ'Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'ŠÐ µÃ'…Ð °Ã ». (afTOboos padYEkhal)- The bus arrived. - ЛÐ °Ã ¼Ã ¿Ã ° Ð ·Ã °Ã ¶Ã ³Ã »Ã °Ã' Ã'Å'. (LAMpah zazhGLAS)- The lamp/light came on. In both of these sentences, the noun is in the nominative case and is the subject of the sentence. A noun or pronoun in a one-word nominative sentence (fulfills the nominative function) Examples: - Ð Ã ¾Ã'‡Ã'Å'. (noch)- Night. - Ðâ€"Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã °. (zeeMAH)- Winter. A vocative, that is, a word or a sentence that is used to address someone directly, usually by their name, using intonation to include emphasis or specific meaning. Examples: - Ð Ã °Ã'‚Ð °Ã'ˆÐ °, Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ·Ã'Å'Ð ¼Ã ¸ Ã'‚Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ºÃ'Æ'. (naTAsha, vazMEE TROOPkoo)- Natasha, pick up (the phone). - ЛÃ'‘Ã'ˆÐ °! (LYOsha!)- Lyosha! (affectionate or shortened form of the name Alexei) Dependent Nominative Case The dependent nominative case is used as: Part of a complex nominative predicate, meaning that a noun or a pronoun is used together with a verb to form a predicate. Sometimes the verb itself is replaced with an em dash. Examples: - КÐ ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ'† – Ð ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Æ' Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã µÃ'†. (kaNYETS - DYEloo VYEnets)- All is well that ends well. - ОÐ ½ – Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'. (OHN - ooCHEEtel)- He is a teacher. As an additional nominative (Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ - prilaZHEniye), which is a noun or a pronoun that adds information to another noun, including proper names. Examples: - ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã ¹ Ð ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã »Ã µÃ ³Ã °-Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ½ Ð ½Ã µ Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ±Ã ¸Ã » Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã °Ã ·Ã ´Ã'‹Ð ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å'. (moy kaLYEga-angliCHAnin ny lyuBIL aPAZdyvat)- My colleague the Englishman didnt like to be late. - Ðâ€"Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð ½Ã °Ã » Ð Ã'Å'Ã'Ž-ЙÐ ¾Ã'€Ð ºÃ µÃ'€ Ð ½Ã °Ã ¿Ã µÃ'‡Ð °Ã'‚Ð °Ã » Ð µÃ'‘ Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã'Ž. (zhoorNAL New-Yorker napyCHAtal yeYOH statYUH)- The New Yorker Magazine published her article. Nominative Case Endings What Are Declensions? Before we look at the endings in the nominative case, it is important to understand what we mean by declensions in the Russian language. Most Russian parts of speech, including nouns, are declined by numbers (singular/plural), cases, and sometimes genders. When deciding which ending to use when declining a noun by case, you should look at what declension it is rather than what gender, as it is the declension that will determine the correct ending. There are three main noun declensions in Russian: 1st Declension: Includes all feminine nouns that end in Ð °/Ã'  as well as masculine and common nouns that end in Ð °/Ã'  when in the singular nominative form. Example: - Ð ´Ã µÃ ²Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ºÃ ° (DYEvachka)- A girl 2nd Declension: Includes masculine nouns that have a zero ending in the singular nominative form and neuter nouns that end in Ð ¾/Ð µ in singular nominative form. A zero ending is an ending that is not present in a words current form, although other endings are present in the words other forms. Example: - Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ½Ã'Å' (singular, masculine, ending in a zero ending). (kon)- A horse 3rd Declension: Feminine nouns with a zero ending in the singular nominative form. Example: - Ð ¿Ã µÃ'‡Ã'Å' (singular, feminine, ending in a zero ending). (pyech)- A stove Additionally, a group of nouns that change their endings outside of the usual rules are called heteroclitic and can be considered to form a fourth declension. Declension (Ð ¡Ã ºÃ »Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ) Singular (ЕÐ ´Ã ¸Ã ½Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã' Ã »Ã ¾) Examples Plural (ÐÅ"Ð ½Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã' Ã »Ã ¾) Examples First declension -Ð °, -Ã'  Ã' Ã µÃ ¼Ã'Å'Ã'  (semYA) - family, feminineÐ ¿Ã °Ã ¿Ã ° (PApa) - Dad, masculine -Ã'‹, -Ð ¸ Ã' Ã µÃ ¼Ã'Å'Ð ¸ (SYEMyee) - families, feminine, pluralÐ ¿Ã °Ã ¿Ã'‹ (PApy) - Dads,masculine, plural Second declension "zero ending," -Ð ¾, -Ð µ Ã' Ã'‚oÐ » (stol) - table, masculine, "zero ending"Ð ¾Ã ºÃ ½Ã ¾ (akNOH) - window, neuter -Ã'‹, -Ð ¸, -Ð °, -Ã'  Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã »Ã'‹ (staLYH) - tables, masculine,pluralÐ ¾Ã ºÃ ½Ã ° (OKnah) - windows, neuter, plural Third declension "zero ending" Ð ½Ã ¾Ã'‡Ã'Å' (noch) - night, feminine, "zero ending" -Ð ¸ Ð ½Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ¸ (NOchi) - nigths, feminine, plural Heteroclitic nouns -Ã'  Ð ²Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã'  (VRYEmya) - time, neuter -Ð ° Ð ²Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ° (vyremeNAH) - times, neuter, plural Examples: - Ð Ã °Ã'ˆÐ ° Ã' Ã µÃ ¼Ã'Å'Ã'  Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ±Ã ¸Ã'‚ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'…Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'€Ð µ. (NAsha syemYA LYUbit atdyHAT na MOrye)- My family likes to go on vacation to the seaside. - ДÐ ²Ã µÃ'€Ã'Å' Ð ¼Ã µÃ ´Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¸Ã »Ã °Ã' Ã'Å'. (dvyer MYEDlena atvaREElas)- The door opened slowly. - ÐÅ"Ã'‹ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã »Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ±Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã'Æ'. (my DOLga braDEEli pa GOradoo)- We wandered around the city for a long time. - Ð Ã °Ã'ˆÐ ¸ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ¿Ã'‹ - Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã' . (NAshi PApy - oochityeLYA)- Our Dads are teachers. - ПÐ µÃ'‡Ã'Å' Ð µÃ'‰Ð µ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã »Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ¿Ã »Ã ¸Ã »Ã °Ã' Ã'Å'. (pyech yeSHO DOLga tyepLEElas)- The stove remained warm for a while longer. - КÐ °Ã ºÃ ¸Ã µ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ¿Ã »Ã'‹Ð µ Ð ½Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ¸ Ð ·Ã ´Ã µÃ' Ã'Å'! (kaKEEye TYOPlyye NOchi zdyes)- The nights are so warm here! - Ð’Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ° Ã' Ã µÃ ¹Ã'‡Ð °Ã'  Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¸Ã µ. (vryemeNAH syCHAS taKEEye)- These are the times now.

Agricultural_Development Free Essays

Before the start of the 20th century, the overwhelming majority of increases in agricultural production were the result of an increase in the amount of cultivated areas. However, the start of the 21st century has come to demand that nearly all increases in agricultural production result from the increased productivity of existing cultivated areas, thereby leaving an extremely window of time for countries to make the dramatic shift from a system of production that has long been based on resources to one that is based on science (Ruttan, 2001 p. 179). We will write a custom essay sample on Agricultural_Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now To quantify the shift in terms of population, as the global population neared $1 billion, the increased demand for agriculture was met by expanding farm land area. In sharp contrast, the population, and consequently the demand for agriculture, more than doubled after 1950. Virtually all of the demand, which suddenly doubled, was met by increasing farm productivity (Federico, 2005 p. 388). For developed countries, the shift from a most resource-based system to a science-based system began in the 19th century. But, unfortunately for developing countries, these changes did not begin to take place until the second half of the 20th century, thereby leaving the developing countries at a disadvantage because the demands place on agriculture had doubled by this time. Population and income growth were the underlying causes of this two-fold increase. Because demands are expected to rapidly double again, substantial and scientific and technical effort will be required in the world’s poorest in countries in order for them to complete the transition to the science-based system (Ruttan, 2001 p. 179). Since the 1950s, the overall understanding of agriculture’s role in economic development has increased. In the past, development economists in premodern and traditional societies viewed agriculture as static as sustained annual growth rates as low as 0.5 to 1% were feasible over extended periods. With industrialization, agricultural output growth rates increased to 1.5% to 2.5%, rates which were sustained for extended periods of time in Western Europe, North America, and Japan. Since 1950, growth rates have shifted further upward to 3%. This increase primarily took place in newly developing countries like Brazil, The People’s Republic of China, and Mexico. As output growth rates steadily increased, economists came to adopt the new view that agriculture was dynamic rather than static (Ruttan, 2001 p. 180). By 1960, the high-payoff input model merged as a new theory by which economists were attempting to understand agriculture. It took into consideration agroenvironmental constraints and is based on the conclusion that these constrains make agricultural technology location specific. For example, it was discovered that technologies that were developed in highly developed countries were generally not transferable to less developed countries which had different climates and resource endowments. Additionally, it appeared evident that because poor countries were not providing peasant farmers with technical and economic opportunities, reallocating resources in traditional peasant agriculture would only produce marginal productivity gains. Under the high-payoff input model, it was argued that developing economies could be transformed by investments from the public and private sectors to make high-payoff technical inputs available to poor farmers (Ruttan, 2001 p. 187). Between the 1970s and mid 1980s, Hayami, Ruttan ,and Binswanger developed a new agricultural model in which conditions in the economic system arose from technical and institutional change. This model was based on the recognition that there is more than one path to technological development. These different paths to development make it possible for a country to substitute more abundant factors for scarce factors. Techniques which allow for the substitution of other labor factors are termed â€Å"labor saving†, while techniques which facilitate the substitution of other land factors are referred to as â€Å"land saving†. Mechanical technology corresponds with labor saving technology, as it substitutes power and machinery for labor. Biological technology, which tends to substitute intensive production practices and industrial inputs for land, corresponds with land saving techniques. Chemical fertilizers, increased recycling of manures, pesticides, and pathogen-resistant crops are example of land saving technologies. Mechanical technology and mechanical processes were the driving force of the industrial revolution. But biological and chemical technologies became more prominent in the latter half of the 20th century (Ruttan, 2001 p. 188, 190). How to cite Agricultural_Development, Papers

Hamilton Wong, In-Charge Accountant free essay sample

If I was in Hamilton Wong’s position, I think I would report all of the time I spent working on the Wille Lomas audit, even if it exceeded the budget. As an accountant, my ethical responsibility is to be honest and have integrity and by not reporting the actual amount of time I worked on the audit, I would be lying. I will be losing my honesty and integrity if I was not to report the actual amount of worked I did. I would first have to evaluate why it is that I am spending a large amount of time on that part of the audit; is it because I am not managing my time efficiently or because a situation arise with regards to the examination or the documents. I would then talk to my manager and let them know the reasons for which I will be going over the budget. The manager would be able to find a solution to not go too much over budget or he or she will be able to talk to the client about the situation. The second reason why I would report all of the time I spend working on the audit will be because if an inquiry was to arise, I would be able to demonstrate all the worked I did on the engagement. Documentation and paper trail is a big part of the audit, therefore it will be very important to keep proper tacking of who worked on what and how much time was spend working on the engagement. Although Lauren Hutchinson is not doing anything illegal, I do believe that she behaved unethically by underreporting the time she worked on the Willie Lomax engagement. Lauren is lying about the spent time working on the engagement and therefore is not been honest, which is a responsibility of an accountant and auditor. Lauren was lying to her managers and to the client. The manager will be under the perception that Lauren is more efficient than others, even to the point of going under budget, and will be more likely to give her the promotion. I see this as unethical because it is an unfair advantage over the other audit staff. Lauren will also be lying to client, who will misrepresent the efficiency of the audit. This could bring problems in the future when Lauren cannot â€Å"eat† so much time or when the audit staff is rotated. 2. Academic research suggests that underreported time on audit engagements is a common practice. What are the key objectives of tracking hours worked by individual accounts or assignments on audit engagements? What implications does the underreporting of time have for individual auditors, their colleagues, and the overall quality of independence audits? One of the key objectives of tracking the hours worked by individual accounts assignments on an audit is to have documentation to show the client why they are charging them what they are been billed and how much time was spent in their audit engagement. This way the client can clearly see that all the time reported and charged to them was actually worked in certain part of their engagement. Another objective of tracking hours is to show how much time was spent on individual accounts and determine which accounts require more time. This will alert for staff and managers to assess that account and investigate why so much time it is spent on that account. This process could possibly make the manager aware that there could be a problem with such account. Another objective of tracking the hours is to measure the efficient of the staff working on the audit. Some auditors might be misusing their time and others could be underreporting their time. This could be beneficial for mangers when they need to assess the staff auditors and help them during promotions. However, this could be a problem as we saw in the case with Lauren. This leads me to one of the implications of underreporting time. Colleagues can be affected because a person who underreports time, like Lauren, could possibly get an unfair promotion. Managers will evaluate how an individual performs based on the budgets, thus a person who underreports time spend working on an engagement will seem more efficient than other employees. In the case of Hamilton, if he reports all of his hours and Lauren does not, it will seem as if she was more efficient than him and is more likely to get the promotion. If Lauren can underreport her hours and get away with it, even benefiting by getting the promotion, her colleagues and other auditors will think it is acceptable to underreport their hours. This will result in even more unethical behavior by their colleagues and other individual auditors. Hamilton, for example, will feel that he could possibly get away with underreporting his hours since he is the timekeeper and someone else is doing it. Hamilton will not see his behavior as unethical but rather as an opportunity to level the playing field with Lauren in competing for the promotion. Therefore, if the unethical act of underreporting time continues without the individual been reprimanded, more auditors will be likely to follow Lauren’s example, creating an unethical work place. Underreporting time will also have an implication on the overall quality of the independent audits. If auditors realize they are spending more time than what was budgeted for a certain audit engagement, they will begin to cut corners and find other solutions to fall within budget. If auditors are more focused on meeting the budget, they might do their jobs in a rush manner, and possibly missing errors. Detecting errors is one of the responsibilities of the auditor, thus by cutting corners, and auditor can possibly violate their auditor’s responsibility. In the end, the quality of the audit will be low, which will not be good for the client; and not good for the firm in the long run. It is good to have auditors who are efficient but it becomes a problem when the quality of the audit drops. 3. What measures can accounting firms take to ensure that time budgets do not interfere with the successful completion of an audit or become dysfunctional in other ways? One measure accounting firms can take to ensure that time budgets do not interfere with the successful completion of an audit will be to decrease the focus on the time budget and raise the focus on the quality of the audit. Allowing flexibility in the time budget will give the auditors an incentive to be more honest about the time they actually spent on the engagement. If auditors are not so worried about meeting time budget, they can place their focus on the quality of the audit and will possibly do a better job. This will create an ethical work environment and reduce dilemmas like the one Hamilton is faced with. Having a flexible time budget could become a problem when presenting the budget to the client. However, I believe it could help in the completion of a successful audit. Another measure accounting firms can take to reduce interference of time budgets on the completion of successful audits is to create consequences for those who violate the code of ethics. If firms create penalties for those who falsify or lie on their time budgets, auditors will be less willing to underreport time. 4. What measures can accounting firms take to reduce the likelihood that personal rivalries among auditors of the same rank will become dysfunctional? One measure accounting firms can take to reduce the likelihood or rivalries among auditors of the same rank become dysfunctional is to create a better and more ethical work environment. If the firm takes measures to reduce the act of underreporting time, all auditors might be more ethical and will understand no one has a certain advantage over another. If auditors realize they all have a level playing field, personal rivalries will lessen and the audit will be successfully completed. In Hamilton’s case, he realizes that Lauren has an unfair advantage over him and might be willing to underreport his time; if this continues among all auditors, the work environment will become dysfunctional and the audit will not be completed successfully or with high quality. Another measure accounting firms can take to prevent personal rivalries is to implement clear policies about unethical behavior and fair incentives. If auditors perceive a fair playing field among all colleagues, they will be motivated to be more ethical and put personal rivalries aside, which will result in a successful completion of an audit.